[i] Much of our language here is derived from the work of Harry Boyte and others at the Center for Democracy and Citizenship at the Hubert Humphrey Institute, University of Minnesota.

[ii] Richard Guaraasci and Grant Cornwell. 1997. Democratic Education In An Age of Difference. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Pages 8-9.

[iii] Nina Eliasoph. 1998. Avoiding Politics: How Americans Produce Apathy In Everyday Life. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. P.8

[iv] Ernest Boyer, 1990. Campus Life: In Search of Community. Lawrenceville, NJ: Princeton University Press.

[v] For us, the essays in Guarasci and Cornwell have been essential for capturing both the challenges and starting points for thinking about community service as it relates to these issues.

[vi] Rimmerman, p. 4. Rimmerman talks about these issues using the concept of the new citizenship.

[vii] Long, 2002. p. 8.